← Unmeasured fortunes

Historical extraction

Historical

Jho Low / 1MDB network

Scheme size is not Low's surviving personal fortune.

Reported figureMore than $4.5B misappropriated
VerificationNot individually established
Collectively held wealthNot treated as a collective pool
Assets merely controlledNo separate control figure assigned
Last reviewed2009–15
Confidence levelHigh for scheme amount

Editorial finding

Herrera–Velutini wealth assessment

Scheme size is not Low's surviving personal fortune. The headline amount is contextual and must not be interpreted as liquid personal wealth. Corporate capital, client money and assets managed for others are excluded unless independent evidence establishes beneficial ownership.

Sources and provenance

Claims are separated from independently documented facts. Source links are provided so readers can inspect the underlying record.

U.S. Justice Department